What is required for advance directives like DNR and MPOA to be valid?

Advance directives, such as Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders and Medical Powers of Attorney (MPOA), require specific legal formalities to ensure their validity and to uphold the intentions of the individual creating these documents. In Texas, for a DNR order or MPOA to be considered valid, it must generally be signed by the individual creating the directive in the presence of two witnesses.

The requirement for two witnesses serves multiple purposes. It helps to confirm that the individual understands their choices and is making these decisions voluntarily, without coercion or undue influence. Additionally, having two witnesses adds a layer of credibility to the directive, providing assurance that the document reflects the true wishes of the individual.

The witnesses must also meet certain criteria; for example, they should not be people who would benefit from the directive in any way, ensuring that the process remains free from conflicts of interest. This legal framework aims to protect patient autonomy and ensure that healthcare providers and others respect the wishes laid out in these advance directives.