Which of the following diseases prevents physicians from performing exposure-prone procedures without specific approval?

The disease that prevents physicians from performing exposure-prone procedures without specific approval is HIV. This is because HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) poses a significant risk of transmission through exposure-prone procedures, which are defined as those where there is a risk of the healthcare worker’s blood or bodily fluids coming into contact with the patient’s open tissues or the healthcare worker’s own blood.

Physicians diagnosed with HIV must follow strict protocols and often seek specific approval before engaging in such procedures to ensure both patient and provider safety. Guidelines from medical boards and professional organizations typically require that HIV-positive healthcare workers disclose their status for the safety of their patients and obtain relevant permissions based on their viral load and adherence to treatment.

In contrast, the other diseases listed, such as malaria, diabetes, and hypertension, do not pose the same level of risk for bloodborne transmission during medical procedures. Physicians with these conditions are generally still able to perform exposure-prone procedures without additional approvals, as they do not represent the same level of risk to patients as an HIV-positive status does.